[Update 01/31/18:macOS Server Will Lose Many Services this Spring: Here Are Alternatives]
OS X has several ways to rotate/expire/etc its logs, depending on the type of log in question: For regular log files (i.e. Text files that are continuously appended to), newsyslog can rotate them based on size or time, although it doesn't seem to have as many options as logrotate. As a result, much of the industry-standard software used in today's Internet world is built right into Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server. Right out of the box, your Mac OS X computer can handle the web hosting needs of your organization. Mac OS X includes Apache, the most widely used web server software on.
[Update]Find the entire macOS Server series here!
This is the fourth in an ongoing series on The Rocket Yard describing how to use Appleâs macOS Server to provide services to users both inside and outside of a local network.
Previous articles include:
Configuring File Sharing
The first service that weâll set up for our users is file sharing. This means that weâre going to allow users to connect to the server and have access to folders in which they can store or share files with others.
In this example, weâll set up a shared folder for a hypothetical group of users at our company âAstounding Photosâ. To keep this folder separate from the serverâs hard drive, weâll create it on a second drive called âBackupâ. Itâs an OWC miniStack with 1 TB of storage, although a real company would most likely use a drive or RAID array with much more storage to share among multiple users.
Weâll create a folder in the Finder on our Backup drive and call it âPhoto Toolsâ.
Next, we go to the running Server app and select File Sharing from Services in the sidebar. To add a shared folder, we click the now-familiar plus-sign button ( + ) below the Shared Folders section.
The usual Apple Finder âChooseâ dialog appears, and from this weâll select the folder named âPhoto Toolsâ thatâs on our Backup drive. Click the Choose button to denote the location of the folder. You donât have to limit yourself to a folder â that âfolderâ can actually be a complete storage volume. However, for security itâs best to keep users â especially those coming in from outside of your network â limited to one specific folder rather than an entire hard drive or RAID array.
Restricting Access To The Shared Folder
Now itâs time to restrict access to the Photo Tools folder. We only want the admin and our Photographers group (created last week) to have access. To do this, click the Photo Tools shared folder to select it, then click the pencil button below to edit the folder permissions (see screenshot below).
Setting permissions for the Photo Tools shared folder
Here we can change the name and location of the folder, set up the type of access (weâve selected iOS, WebDAV and SMB, and are only allowing encrypted connections). Itâs also possible to add guest users, although thatâs not a good way to âlock downâ a server.
Next, we want to give the Photographers group created earlier full read/write access to the folder. To do this, click the plus button and type âPhotographersâ into the field that appears. By default, the Photographers group is provided with read/write access. If you only want the Photographers to be able to read items but not make any changes to anything in the Photo Tools folder, select Read Only from the picker at the right side.
Once all of the permissions for this folder have been set up, click the OK button to apply those permissions to the folder. Note that it may take a minute or so for this to occur depending on the speed of your server.
Mac Os X Server Owner Group For Web Service Portal
Enabling File Sharing
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The hard work is done. Now itâs time to actually turn on File Sharing and allow users to gain access to this folder. All thatâs required is clicking the button on the right side of the File Sharing pane of the Server app.
Youâll be asked if you wish to extend the service to the Internet. In our examples, weâre assuming that we want access from anywhere, so be sure to say âYesâ. Note that in this case, since Iâm using an AirPort Extreme and allowing the Server app to configure it for services, it will open up the proper TCP/IP and UDP ports for file sharing to occur.
Once File Sharing is enabled, the âOn/Offâ button turns green, and a small green dot appears to the left of the File Sharing service in the Server app sidebar.
Connecting to the Server from a Mac
Weâre sharing a folder (Photo Tools) with our Photographers group. That means that if weâre members of that group, weâll have access from other Macs on the network.
From another Mac on this network, we see the device name âAstounding Photos Serverâ under Shared in the Finder sidebar. Clicking it will show a blank screen until a user connects to the server. In this case, Iâve added myself to the Photographers group, and I want to gain access to the Photo Tools folder from another Mac (see screenshot below).
The server appears in the Finder sidebar under âSharedâ
Clicking the Connect As button at the top right of the Finder window, Iâll enter my user name and password for the account, then click Connect. Sure enough, my Mac authenticates with the server, then displays the three folders that I have access to: One called Photo Tools, âSteven Sandeâs Public Folderâ and another folder called âstevensandeâ. The âstevensandeâ folder is a private folder in which I can store documents, while the public folder is where I can put documents that anyone can have access to. Finally, that Photo Tools folder is shared between me and the other photographers (see screenshot below):
Once logged in, these are the folder available to this user.
Itâs good practice to drop some files into your various folders to make sure that permissions are set up properly. If permissions are set up as âread onlyâ for a folder, youâll only be able to read and copy items that are stored in that folder and will not be able to change files nor add new ones. Full âread/writeâ access will provide the ability to add, delete and edit files.
Connecting to the Server from an iOS device
During setup of the shared folder, we checked the box marked âiOSâ to allow iOS devices to have full access to the Photo Tools folder. Now weâll connect to the server from an iPhone.
You may be thinking âIs there a server access app I can buy?â No, itâs all built into iOS! The following instructions show how to do this from iOS 10.3.
1 â Launch Settings
2 â Scroll down to âMailâ and tap it to open
3 â Tap Accounts
4 â Tap Add Account
5 â Tap âOtherâ at the bottom of the list of account types
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6 â Tap Add macOS Server Account
Provided that your server is properly âadvertisingâ itself on the network, you should see it appear in the list of servers:
The server appears in the list of local available servers
Next, tap on the name of the server, enter the user name and password for your server account, then tap Next. If your certificates are in order, the server will be added to your device. If not, you may see a âCannot Verify Server Identityâ dialog â just tap âContinueâ to log in. One other note: if youâre attempting a connection from outside your network, you wonât see the server listed. In that case, youâll need to enter the host name (i.e., âserver.astoundingphotos.comâ) as well as the user name, password and description.
In our example, we only have one service currently running on the server â File Sharing. It appears on the list of services (see screenshot below), and tapping on the button to the right of the File Sharing name enables that service.
The File Sharing service is the only one running at this time.
Now tap Save and the server and service appear on the list of accounts. How can we determine if File Sharing is really working? Try using an app that uses cloud services, like Pages. A âLocationsâ button appears in the upper left of the documents screen. Tap on it, and a list of available âdrivesâ shows up including WebDAV, iCloud Drive, and OS X Server (see image below).
The list of âdrivesâ as seen from Locations in iOS Pages
Tap on the OS X Server button to begin storing or retrieving documents from the available folders on the server (see screenshot below):
In our example, two folders are available for our user â the Photo Tools folder weâve made available for members of the Photographers group and a personal folder.
Adding A Wiki
The next service weâll set up is a Wiki â if youâre familiar with Wikipedia youâll know that these are editable online documents that can be used to provide a sharable store of information for a company. For example, many small to medium size businesses provide Wikis for employees with information on benefits, company regulations, and so on.
Adding a Wiki is quite simple. In the macOS Server sidebar, click on Wiki under Services. Next, click the button in the upper right corner to enable the service (see screenshot below; the button turns green to indicate that it is enabled).
The Wiki pane on the Server dashboard
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Youâll be asked if you wish to allow access to Websites from the Internet â click the Allow button.
By default, all users can create Wikis. To limit this to those users who are in a particular permissions group, just click the Edit Permissions button and change the setting from âall usersâ to âonly some usersâ. For this example, I let the Administrators and Photographers groups have access.
Now creating a Wiki or one of the other online services thatâs available to users is quite easy. Click the button marked âOpen in Safariâ from the Server dashboard, or point a web browser on another machine to the address of your server, and youâll see this default screen:
The default Wiki screen as seen in Safari
The screenshot shows how the Wiki can be used. As noted on that page âItâs easy to edit this page and create new wikis. To edit this page, click the Log In (lock) button, log in as a wiki administrator and click the Edit (pencil) button. To create a new wiki, log in, then click the Add (+) button and choose New Wiki.â Hereâs the standard login dialog:
Hereâs the standard login dialog
Once the user is logged in, one of the first things they should do to identify themselves to others in the group is change their user settings. Click the gear icon at the top of the page, and two settings panes are available â General and Appearance. General has a space for Display Name â for example, a person may wish to have a nickname shown on the Wiki instead of his or her actual name. Thereâs also a slot for a preferred email address, and then a checkbox for âblogâ. Thatâs right â thereâs a blogging tool built in, so users on your server can make posts about what theyâre doing. When this is checked, a third user setting appears named Blog Permissions (see screenshot below):
Wiki General Settings
The second settings pane is marked Appearance, and provides a way for each user to make their page appear different to others. They can upload a photo as an icon, change the color scheme of the page to one of eight choices, upload a custom banner for their page, or even have a custom page background. In this example, Iâve uploaded a photo of the user (yes, it is a catâ¦) and changed the color scheme to green. Click the Save button to save your changes (see screenshot below):
Setting up the appearance of the userâs personal page
Now the user can begin to save documents, write blog entries, and even keep his or her personal information sheet up to date. Opening the document with the name of the user, an online editor appears and can be used to write text, add code, or perform any number of other tasks. These documents are also editable in Pages, Numbers and Keynote.
When many people in a workgroup have edited their personal pages and begin to keep blog entries, selecting âAll Peopleâ from the menu (accessible in the upper left corner of the web page) displays a directory of server users who have logged in and the time and date of their most recent activity (see screenshot below). Clicking on each name displays the userâs edited page describing them.
Mac Os X Server Owner Group For Web Service FreeA list of all users on the server and their most recent activity
We wonât get into too much detail about how to use the Wiki pages, as complete instructions are provided when a new user first logs in. Just let it suffice to know that users can create and edit documents, upload documents, create blog posts, and so on. Itâs a wonderful way to build an intranet for your small business, with information about each employee and a way to share documents easily with others.
In the next installment of this series, weâll set up our server with several more services: Mail and Calendars, plus a few âbonus extraâ services.
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Profile Manager
Profile Manager makes it easy to configure your users' macOS and iOS devices so theyâre set up to use your company or school resources and have the settings your organization requires. Fuse for os x how to use windows 10.
Profile Manager helpEnable mobile device managementReset Profile ManagerPorts used by Profile Manager in macOS ServerResolve issues with Profile Manager in macOS Server
Xsan
Xsan is a powerful and scalable solution for storage and consolidation in macOS. Use the resources below to learn about setup options, network management, configuration, and more.
Set up and manage an Xsan networkXsan versions included with or required by macOSLearn about sharing filesMount Xsan volumes with advanced optionsCompatibility of Xsan metadata controllers (MDCs) and clients
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